All of the voluntary functions of the body, along with memory, creativity, and emotions are products of the neurons in the gray matter of the cerebrum. The largest, most superior, and highest functioning region of the brain is the cerebrum.Superior to the brain stem is the diencephalon, which controls the endocrine system, relays messages to and from the higher regions of the brain, and regulates feelings of hunger and thirst.The cerebellum is a round, wrinkled mass of neurons posterior to the brain stem that controls coordination and balance.Lower brain functions related to breathing, heart rate, and reflexes are controlled by the brain stem. The base of the brain that connects to the spinal cord is the brain stem.Yet being an extremely complex organ, the brain can be further divided into many anatomically distinct regions with distinct functions. The interior of the brain contains mostly white matter that connects the processing areas of gray matter to each other and to all of the muscles and sensory receptors in the body. Around 100 billion neurons in the gray matter of the brain control almost all of the body’s activities, including the conscious activities of the mind and the subconscious activities that control the organs and lower bodily processes. The brain weighs in at around three pounds on average, making it one of the most massive organs in the human body. The brain is a grayish, highly convoluted organ found within the skull’s cranial cavity. These structures all work together to control every part of the body and receive sensory messages from the environment and the body’s internal structures. In addition, in this region we also find the major cranial and spinal nerves that connect the central nervous system to the organs, skin, and muscles of the head and neck. The nerves of the head and neck include the most vital and important organs of the nervous system - the brain and spinal cord - as well as the organs of the special senses.
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